O Estado do País

Text generated by artificial intelligence, according to the Method.

Portugal in the European Union

Portugal breaches 4 reference values of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure and meets 9.

Outside the Commission reference value: government debt, what the country owns abroad minus what it owes (net international investment position), three-year change in unit labour cost and annual change in house prices, in 2025.

The 27 countries

Government debt

How much does general government owe, as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP)?

% of GDP · 2025

Estonia 24,1Greece 146,1

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 24,1 (Estonia) and the highest is 146,1 (Greece); the EU average is 81,7. Portugal (89,7) ranks 6th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Greece 146,1
  2. Italy 137,1
  3. France 115,6
  4. Belgium 107,9
  5. Spain 100,7
  6. Portugal 89,7
  7. Finland 88,5
  8. EU average 81,7
  9. Austria 81,5
  10. Hungary 74,6
  11. Slovenia 65,7
  12. Germany 63,5
  13. Slovakia 61,4
  14. Poland 59,7
  15. Romania 59,3
  16. Croatia 56,3
  17. Cyprus 55,0
  18. Latvia 46,9
  19. Malta 46,4
  20. Netherlands 44,4
  21. Czechia 44,3
  22. Lithuania 39,5
  23. Sweden 35,1
  24. Ireland 32,9
  25. Bulgaria 29,9
  26. Denmark 27,9
  27. Luxembourg 26,5
  28. Estonia 24,1

All the countries

House prices

How much have the transaction prices of homes purchased by households changed in a year?

average annual % change · 2025

Finland −2,3Hungary 18,3 (provisional data)

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is −2,3 (Finland) and the highest is 18,3 (Hungary); the EU average is 5,5. Portugal (17,6) ranks 2nd from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Hungary 18,3 (provisional data)
  2. Portugal 17,6
  3. Bulgaria 14,6
  4. Croatia 13,9
  5. Spain 12,7
  6. Slovakia 12,4
  7. Czechia 10,4
  8. Lithuania 9,8
  9. Netherlands 8,5
  10. Greece 8,1 (estimated and provisional value)
  11. Latvia 7,6
  12. Denmark 7,5
  13. Ireland 7,5
  14. Slovenia 7,3
  15. Malta 6,0 (provisional data)
  16. Romania 5,7
  17. EU average 5,5
  18. Estonia 5,2
  19. Poland 4,9
  20. Cyprus 4,5
  21. Italy 4,0
  22. Belgium 3,2
  23. Germany 3,2
  24. Austria 2,6
  25. Luxembourg 1,6
  26. Sweden 1,0
  27. France 0,7
  28. Finland −2,3

All the countries

Unemployment rate

What share of people aged 15 to 74 who work or are looking for work (the labour force) is unemployed?

% of people working or looking for work · 2025

Czechia 2,8Spain 10,5 (definition differs)

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 2,8 (Czechia) and the highest is 10,5 (Spain); the EU average is 6,0. Portugal (6,0) ranks 14th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Spain 10,5 (definition differs)
  2. Finland 9,7
  3. Greece 8,9
  4. Sweden 8,8
  5. France 7,7 (definition differs)
  6. Estonia 7,5
  7. Latvia 6,9
  8. Lithuania 6,9
  9. Luxembourg 6,5
  10. Denmark 6,4
  11. Belgium 6,2
  12. Italy 6,1
  13. Romania 6,1
  14. Portugal 6,0
  15. EU average 6,0
  16. Austria 5,7
  17. Slovakia 5,4
  18. Croatia 4,9
  19. Ireland 4,7
  20. Cyprus 4,4
  21. Hungary 4,4
  22. Netherlands 3,9
  23. Slovenia 3,9
  24. Germany 3,8
  25. Bulgaria 3,5
  26. Malta 3,1
  27. Poland 3,1
  28. Czechia 2,8

All the countries

Employment rate

What share of people aged 20 to 64 is employed?

% of people aged 20 to 64 · 2025

Italy 67,6Malta 83,6

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 67,6 (Italy) and the highest is 83,6 (Malta); the EU average is 76,1. Portugal (79,6) ranks 12th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Malta 83,6
  2. Netherlands 83,4
  3. Czechia 82,9
  4. Sweden 81,8
  5. Estonia 81,7
  6. Cyprus 81,3
  7. Germany 81,1
  8. Hungary 81,1
  9. Ireland 80,2
  10. Lithuania 80,0
  11. Denmark 79,8
  12. Portugal 79,6
  13. Poland 78,8
  14. Slovenia 78,3
  15. Latvia 78,2
  16. Slovakia 78,1
  17. Austria 77,6
  18. Bulgaria 77,0
  19. Finland 76,3
  20. EU average 76,1
  21. France 75,4 (definition differs)
  22. Croatia 74,4
  23. Luxembourg 73,9
  24. Belgium 72,8
  25. Spain 72,4 (definition differs)
  26. Greece 71,0
  27. Romania 69,0
  28. Italy 67,6

All the countries

Long-term unemployment

What share of people aged 15 to 74 who work or are looking for work (the labour force) is out of work and has been actively seeking employment for at least a year?

% of people working or looking for work · 2025

Netherlands 0,5Greece 5,0

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 0,5 (Netherlands) and the highest is 5,0 (Greece); the EU average is 1,9. Portugal (2,2) ranks 8th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Greece 5,0
  2. Spain 3,4 (definition differs)
  3. Slovakia 3,4
  4. Italy 3,1
  5. Lithuania 2,5
  6. Finland 2,4
  7. Latvia 2,3
  8. Portugal 2,2
  9. Romania 2,1
  10. Belgium 2,0
  11. Luxembourg 2,0 (low reliability)
  12. EU average 1,9
  13. Estonia 1,8
  14. France 1,8 (definition differs)
  15. Croatia 1,8
  16. Sweden 1,8
  17. Bulgaria 1,5
  18. Hungary 1,5
  19. Austria 1,3
  20. Germany 1,1
  21. Ireland 1,1
  22. Slovenia 1,1
  23. Denmark 0,9
  24. Cyprus 0,9
  25. Czechia 0,8
  26. Poland 0,8
  27. Malta 0,6
  28. Netherlands 0,5

All the countries

At risk of poverty or social exclusion

What share of the population is in at least one of three situations: income below 60 % of the income that leaves half of the country’s population above it and half below, the median (at risk of poverty); at least seven out of thirteen deprivations because of a lack of resources (severe material and social deprivation); or living in a household where almost nobody works (very low work intensity), counting each person only once?

% of the population · 2025

Czechia 11,5Bulgaria 29,0

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 11,5 (Czechia) and the highest is 29,0 (Bulgaria); the EU average is 20,9. Portugal (18,6) ranks 15th from the highest, level with other countries with the same value (Austria and Sweden).

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Bulgaria 29,0
  2. Greece 27,5
  3. Romania 27,4
  4. Lithuania 26,3 (provisional data)
  5. Spain 25,7
  6. Latvia 24,7
  7. Italy 22,6
  8. Estonia 21,8
  9. Germany 21,2
  10. EU average 20,9
  11. France 20,8
  12. Croatia 20,7
  13. Hungary 19,5
  14. Malta 19,4
  15. Ireland 18,8
  16. Austria 18,6
  17. Portugal 18,6
  18. Sweden 18,6
  19. Luxembourg 18,2 (break in time series)
  20. Denmark 17,9
  21. Finland 17,2
  22. Cyprus 17,1
  23. Slovakia 16,7
  24. Belgium 16,5
  25. Netherlands 15,8
  26. Slovenia 15,5
  27. Poland 15,0
  28. Czechia 11,5

All the countries

Income of the richest fifth compared with the poorest fifth

How many times greater is the total income of the fifth of the population with the highest income than that of the fifth with the lowest?

times · 2025

Belgium 3,25Bulgaria 6,94

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 3,25 (Belgium) and the highest is 6,94 (Bulgaria); the EU average is 4,62. Portugal (4,86) ranks 8th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Bulgaria 6,94
  2. Latvia 6,68
  3. Lithuania 6,54 (provisional data)
  4. Spain 5,24
  5. Greece 5,17
  6. Italy 5,13
  7. Estonia 5,07
  8. Portugal 4,86
  9. Croatia 4,78
  10. France 4,74
  11. Germany 4,68
  12. Hungary 4,68
  13. EU average 4,62
  14. Cyprus 4,60
  15. Luxembourg 4,60 (break in time series)
  16. Sweden 4,58
  17. Malta 4,49
  18. Romania 4,37
  19. Austria 4,25
  20. Denmark 4,12
  21. Finland 3,93
  22. Ireland 3,89
  23. Netherlands 3,76
  24. Poland 3,63
  25. Slovenia 3,55
  26. Czechia 3,34
  27. Slovakia 3,27
  28. Belgium 3,25

All the countries

Housing cost overburden

What share of people, whether their home is owned with or without a mortgage or rented at market price or at a reduced rent or free (all tenure statuses), are in households where total housing costs, after deducting housing allowances, take more than 40 % of what the household receives from work, investment and social benefits, after paying taxes and social contributions (disposable income), also after deducting housing allowances?

% of the population · 2025

Cyprus 2,4Greece 26,4

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 2,4 (Cyprus) and the highest is 26,4 (Greece); the EU average is 7,7. Portugal (6,3) ranks 13th from the highest.

This total mixes very different situations, and the European Commission says it should be read together with the breakdown by tenure status.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Greece 26,4
  2. Denmark 23,4 (break in time series)
  3. Germany 11,2
  4. Sweden 10,8
  5. Estonia 8,8
  6. Czechia 8,2
  7. Luxembourg 8,1 (break in time series)
  8. EU average 7,7
  9. Spain 7,2
  10. Bulgaria 6,9
  11. Belgium 6,7
  12. Netherlands 6,5
  13. France 6,4
  14. Portugal 6,3
  15. Austria 6,1
  16. Malta 6,0
  17. Latvia 5,7
  18. Lithuania 5,7 (provisional data)
  19. Ireland 5,3
  20. Hungary 5,3
  21. Italy 5,0
  22. Romania 5,0
  23. Finland 4,7
  24. Poland 4,1
  25. Slovenia 3,5
  26. Slovakia 3,5
  27. Croatia 3,2
  28. Cyprus 2,4

All the countries

Housing cost overburden, tenants at market rent

What share of tenants at market rent are in households where total housing costs, after deducting housing allowances, take more than 40 % of what the household receives from work, investment and social benefits, after paying taxes and social contributions (disposable income), also after deducting housing allowances?

% of tenants at market rent · 2025

Finland 12,3Romania 56,0

Among the 27 EU countries in 2025, the lowest value is 12,3 (Finland) and the highest is 56,0 (Romania); the EU average is 18,6. Portugal (27,2) ranks 7th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Romania 56,0
  2. Netherlands 39,5
  3. Hungary 38,4
  4. Estonia 37,0
  5. Bulgaria 31,7
  6. Lithuania 27,4 (provisional data)
  7. Portugal 27,2
  8. Spain 26,8
  9. Czechia 26,0
  10. Greece 26,0
  11. Belgium 25,4
  12. Ireland 24,0
  13. Denmark 23,6 (break in time series)
  14. Luxembourg 23,2 (break in time series)
  15. Italy 22,3
  16. Malta 21,5
  17. Croatia 19,8
  18. Slovenia 19,7
  19. France 18,7
  20. EU average 18,6
  21. Sweden 18,4
  22. Latvia 18,1
  23. Slovakia 16,8
  24. Austria 14,5
  25. Poland 14,4
  26. Cyprus 13,4
  27. Germany 13,2
  28. Finland 12,3

All the countries

Inflation in the European comparison

How much have consumer prices changed since the same month a year earlier, on the harmonised measure used to compare European Union countries?

% change over twelve months · August 2026

Sweden 0,3Romania 6,3

Among the 27 EU countries in August 2026, the lowest value is 0,3 (Sweden) and the highest is 6,3 (Romania); the EU average is 3,2. Portugal (3,6) ranks 10th from the highest.

The 27 in order, from highest to lowest
  1. Romania 6,3
  2. Lithuania 5,6
  3. Cyprus 5,2
  4. Bulgaria 5,0
  5. Spain 4,6
  6. Belgium 4,2
  7. Luxembourg 4,0
  8. Greece 3,7
  9. Croatia 3,7
  10. Portugal 3,6
  11. Poland 3,5
  12. Ireland 3,4
  13. Slovenia 3,4
  14. Italy 3,2
  15. EU average 3,2
  16. Slovakia 3,1
  17. Latvia 3,0
  18. Germany 2,9
  19. Austria 2,9
  20. Netherlands 2,8
  21. France 2,6
  22. Finland 2,4
  23. Denmark 2,0
  24. Malta 2,0
  25. Hungary 1,8
  26. Czechia 1,5
  27. Estonia 1,3
  28. Sweden 0,3

All the countries

The measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  1. Government debt

    89,7source · Eurostat

    Percentage of GDP · 2025

    outside the Commission’s reference value (above 60 %)1 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  2. What the country owns abroad minus what it owes (net international investment position)

    −49,6source · Eurostat

    Percentage of GDP · 2025

    outside the Commission’s reference value (below −35 %)2 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  3. Labour cost per unit of output (unit labour cost)

    21,3 (provisional data)source · Eurostat

    Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

    outside the Commission’s reference value (above 9 %)3 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  4. House prices

    17,6source · Eurostat

    Annual change, as a percentage · 2025

    outside the Commission’s reference value (above 9 %)4 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  5. Portugal’s share of advanced economies’ exports (export market share)

    8,2source · Eurostat

    Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (above −3 %)5 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  6. Debt of (non-financial) companies

    64,9 (provisional data)source · Eurostat

    Percentage of GDP · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (below 85 %)6 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  7. Household debt

    53,9 (provisional data)source · Eurostat

    Percentage of GDP · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (below 55 %)7 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  8. Credit flow to (non-financial) companies

    3,0source · Eurostat

    Percentage of debt at the end of the previous year · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (below 13 %)8 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  9. Credit flow to households

    8,6source · Eurostat

    Percentage of debt at the end of the previous year · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (below 14 %)9 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  10. Current account balance

    1,4source · Eurostat

    Percentage of GDP, average of the year and the two before · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference values (between −4 and 6 %)10 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  11. People who work or are looking for work (activity rate)

    2,6source · Eurostat

    Difference over three years, in percentage points · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (above −0,2 pp)11 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  12. Prices compared with trading partners, including the exchange rate (real effective exchange rate)

    2,8source · Eurostat

    Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference values (between −3 and 3 %)12 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  13. Unemployment rate

    6,0source · Eurostat

    Percentage of people working or looking for work · 2025

    within the Commission’s reference value (below 10 %)13 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  14. Employment rate

    79,6source · Eurostat

    Percentage of the population aged 20 to 64 · 2025

    14 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  15. Unemployment rate

    6,0source · Eurostat

    Percentage of people working or looking for work · 2025

    15 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  16. Long-term unemployment

    2,2source · Eurostat

    Percentage of people working or looking for work · 2025

    16 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  17. Young people not in employment, education or training

    8,0source · Eurostat

    Percentage of people aged 15 to 29 · 2025

    17 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  18. Early school leaving

    6,1source · Eurostat

    Percentage of those aged 18 to 24 · 2025

    18 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  19. At risk of poverty or social exclusion

    18,6source · Eurostat

    Percentage of the population · 2025

    19 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  20. Income of the richest fifth compared with the poorest fifth

    4,86source · Eurostat

    Times · 2025

    20 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

  21. Housing cost overburden

    6,3source · Eurostat

    Percentage of the population · 2025

    21 of 21 of the measures of the two European Union scoreboards

The scoreboard of macroeconomic imbalances

Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure · 13 measures with a reference value

A limited set of measures with which the European Commission captures the most relevant internal and external aspects of macroeconomic imbalances, each with its indicative reference value.

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
The analysis in the alert mechanism report (AMR) builds on the economic reading of a scoreboard of 13 headline indicators covering the most relevant areas of macroeconomic imbalances, competitiveness, and adjustment issues. … The scoreboard is designed to capture the most relevant internal and external aspects of macroeconomic imbalances through a limited set of relevant indicators of high statistical quality. … The headline indicators consist of the following 13 indicators and indicative thresholds, covering the major sources of macroeconomic imbalances:

read at the source on 08.09.2026

Government debt

How much does general government owe, as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
general government sector debt in % of GDP with a threshold of 60%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real GDP per capita

Excerpt
The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real gross domestic product to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of GDP · 2025

Commission reference value 60 % · above

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 60 %100

source · Eurostat

See in State and economy →

What the country owns abroad minus what it owes (net international investment position)

What is the difference between what the country’s residents own in the rest of the world and what they owe to it (financial assets and liabilities relative to the rest of the world), as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP)?

Definition by Banco de Portugal · BPstat · O que é a posição de investimento internacional (PII)?

Excerpt
The international investment position, also known as IIP, represents the difference between financial assets and liabilities that residents of an economy have vis-à-vis the rest of the world. … The difference between the value of these assets and liabilities corresponds to the net value of the international investment position.

read at the source on 08.09.2026

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
net international investment position as percent of GDP, with a threshold of -35%.

read at the source on 14.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real GDP per capita

Excerpt
The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real gross domestic product to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of GDP · 2025

Commission reference value −35 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

−50Commission reference value −35 %0

source · Eurostat

Labour cost per unit of output (unit labour cost)

How much has pay per hour of work, at each year’s prices, divided by what an hour of work produces, changed over three years (the nominal unit labour cost index, per hour worked)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
nominal unit labour cost index, per hour worked (3-year percentage change), with thresholds of +9% for euro area countries and +12% for non-euro area countries.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Nominal unit labour cost per hour worked

Excerpt
The nominal unit labour cost (NULC) index is defined as the ratio of labour cost to labour productivity, where labour cost is the ratio of compensation of employees (current prices) to hours worked by employees, and labour productivity is the ratio of gross domestic product (at market prices in millions, chain-linked volumes reference year 2015) to total hours worked. Data on employment are presented according to the domestic concept used in national accounts. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the 3-year percentage change. Input data are obtained from the official national accounts' country data, through ESA 2010 transmission programme. The indicative threshold is 9% for the euro area countries and 12% for the non-euro area countries.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

Commission reference value 9 % · above

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 9 %25

source · Eurostat

House prices, annual change

How much have the transaction prices of homes purchased by households changed in a year?

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: House price index (HPI)

Excerpt
The house price index, abbreviated as HPI, is an index that measures the changes in the transaction prices of dwellings purchased by households.

read at the source on 08.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · House price index, nominal - annual data

Excerpt
The house price index (HPI) captures price changes of all residential properties purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing, independently of their final use and their previous owners. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component is included. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is expressed as the 1-year percentage change of the HPI. The indicative threshold of the indicator is 9%.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Annual change, as a percentage · 2025

Commission reference value 9 % · above

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 9 %20

source · Eurostat

Portugal’s share of advanced economies’ exports (export market share)

Over three years, how much has the part that the country’s exports of goods and services make up of the total exports of the countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and of EU countries outside the OECD (the advanced economies) changed?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
export performance against advanced economies (3-year percentage change), with a threshold of -3%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Share of exports of advanced economies

Excerpt
The indicator shows developments in shares of exports of goods and services of EU Member States in relation to total exports of goods and services of OECD countries and non-OECD EU Member States. To capture the structural losses in competitiveness that can accumulate over longer time periods, the MIP scoreboard indicator is calculated as the 3 year % change (comparing year Y with year Y-3).

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · European system of accounts: ESA 2010

Excerpt
the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

read at the source on 26.09.2026

Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

Commission reference value −3 % · above

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

Commission reference value −3 %10

source · Eurostat

Debt of (non-financial) companies

How much do companies other than financial companies owe in loans and debt securities, leaving out what they owe one another (the consolidated debt of non-financial corporations), as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
NFC consolidated debt in % of GDP with a threshold of 85%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Dissemination API · tipspd30

Excerpt
Non-financial corporations debt, consolidated - % of GDP

read at the source on 23.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Non-financial corporations debt, consolidated - % of GDP

Excerpt
The non-financial corporations debt is the stock of debt of the sector non-financial corporations (S11). It is expressed as percentage of GDP. The instruments taken into account to compile this indicator are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4).

read at the source on 23.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Non-financial corporations excluding foreign direct investments credit flow, consolidated

Excerpt
The non-financial corporations credit flow excluding foreign direct investment indicator measures the net amount of liabilities incurred during the year by the non-financial corporations sector (S.11), excluding foreign direct investment (FDI).The compilation covers the instruments debt securities (F.3) and loans (F.4), with FDI excluded. FDI data are sourced from the ECB quarterly financial accounts. Data are presented in consolidated terms (i.e. excluding intra-sector transactions) and expressed as a percentage of the corresponding stocks (excluding FDI) at the end of the previous year.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real GDP per capita

Excerpt
The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real gross domestic product to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of GDP · 2025

Commission reference value 85 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 85 %

source · Eurostat

Household debt

How much do households and non-profit institutions serving them owe in loans and debt securities, leaving out what they owe one another (consolidated debt), as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
household (incl. NPISH) consolidated debt in % of GDP with a threshold of 55%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

Excerpt
Non-profit institutions serving households, abbreviated as NPISH, make up an institutional sector in the context of national accounts consisting of non-profit institutions which are not mainly financed and controlled by government and which provide goods or services to households for free or at prices that are not economically significant.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Household debt including non-profit institutions serving households, consolidated

Excerpt
The Household debt is the stock of liabilities held by the sector Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.14_S.15). The instruments taken into account to compile this indicator are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4).

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Household including non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) credit flow, consolidated

Excerpt
The households sector credit flow represents the net amount of liabilities which the sectors Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.14_S.15) have incurred during the year. The instruments taken into account to compile this indicator are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4). Data are presented in consolidated terms, meaning transactions within the same sector are not taken into account. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010. The MIP scoreboard indicator is expressed in percentage of the related stocks at the end of the previous year.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real GDP per capita

Excerpt
The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real gross domestic product to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of GDP · 2025

Commission reference value 55 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 55 %

source · Eurostat

Credit flow to (non-financial) companies

How much credit did companies other than financial companies take on in a year, minus what they repaid and leaving out operations among themselves (the consolidated credit flow of non-financial corporations), as a percentage of the debt they had at the end of the previous year, excluding foreign direct investment from both amounts?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
NFC (excl. FDI) consolidated credit flow in % of NFC debt stock in t-1 (excl. FDI), with a threshold of 13%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Excerpt
Foreign direct investment, abbreviated as FDI, is an international investment within the balance of payment accounts.

read at the source on 14.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Dissemination API · tipspd30

Excerpt
Non-financial corporations debt, consolidated - % of GDP

read at the source on 23.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Non-financial corporations excluding foreign direct investments credit flow, consolidated

Excerpt
The non-financial corporations credit flow excluding foreign direct investment indicator measures the net amount of liabilities incurred during the year by the non-financial corporations sector (S.11), excluding foreign direct investment (FDI).The compilation covers the instruments debt securities (F.3) and loans (F.4), with FDI excluded. FDI data are sourced from the ECB quarterly financial accounts. Data are presented in consolidated terms (i.e. excluding intra-sector transactions) and expressed as a percentage of the corresponding stocks (excluding FDI) at the end of the previous year.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · European system of accounts: ESA 2010

Excerpt
Definition: net recording of financial transactions means that acquisitions of financial assets are shown net of disposals of financial assets, and that incurrences of liabilities are shown net of repayments of liabilities.

read at the source on 26.09.2026

Percentage of debt at the end of the previous year · 2025

Commission reference value 13 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 13 %

source · Eurostat

Credit flow to households

How much credit did households and non-profit institutions serving them take on in a year, minus what they repaid and leaving out operations among themselves (the consolidated credit flow), as a percentage of the debt they had at the end of the previous year?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
household (incl. NPISH) consolidated credit flow in % of household debt stock in t-1 with a threshold of 14%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

Excerpt
Non-profit institutions serving households, abbreviated as NPISH, make up an institutional sector in the context of national accounts consisting of non-profit institutions which are not mainly financed and controlled by government and which provide goods or services to households for free or at prices that are not economically significant.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Household including non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) credit flow, consolidated

Excerpt
The households sector credit flow represents the net amount of liabilities which the sectors Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.14_S.15) have incurred during the year. The instruments taken into account to compile this indicator are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4). Data are presented in consolidated terms, meaning transactions within the same sector are not taken into account. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010. The MIP scoreboard indicator is expressed in percentage of the related stocks at the end of the previous year.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · European system of accounts: ESA 2010

Excerpt
Definition: net recording of financial transactions means that acquisitions of financial assets are shown net of disposals of financial assets, and that incurrences of liabilities are shown net of repayments of liabilities.

read at the source on 26.09.2026

Percentage of debt at the end of the previous year · 2025

Commission reference value 14 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 14 %

source · Eurostat

Current account balance

What is the difference between what the country received from the rest of the world and what it paid to it, for goods, services and income (the current account balance), as a percentage of the value of the final goods and services the economy produces in a year (GDP), on the average of that year and the two before it (the three-year backward moving average)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
current account balance as percent of GDP (3-year backward moving average), with thresholds of +6% and -4%.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Current account balance - 3 year average

Excerpt
The Current account provides information about the transactions of a country with the rest of the world. It covers all transactions (other than those in financial items) in goods, services, primary income and secondary income which occur between resident and non-resident units. It is either expressed as % of GDP or million of national currency. The financial flows are marked as a credit, a debit or a balance.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real GDP per capita

Excerpt
The indicator is calculated as the ratio of real gross domestic product to the average population of a specific year. GDP measures the value of total final output of goods and services produced by an economy within a certain period of time.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of GDP, average of the year and the two before · 2025

Commission reference value −4/+6 %

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

−4Commission reference value −4/+6 %6

source · Eurostat

People who work or are looking for work (activity rate)

How much has the share of people aged 15 to 64 who work or are looking for work (active people, employed or unemployed) changed over three years, counted as the difference between that year’s percentage and the one three years earlier (in percentage points)?

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: Activity rate

Excerpt
Activity rate is the percentage of active persons in relation to the comparable total population. The economically active population comprises employed and unemployed persons.

read at the source on 08.09.2026

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
labour force participation rate (3-year change in pps), with a threshold of -0.2%

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Labour force participation rate

Excerpt
The labour force participation rate is the percentage of economically active population aged 15-64 on the total population of the same age.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Difference over three years, in percentage points · 2025

Commission reference value −0,2 pp · above

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

−1Commission reference value −0,2 pp3

source · Eurostat

Prices compared with trading partners, including the exchange rate (real effective exchange rate)

How much have the country’s prices relative to those of 41 other industrial countries, allowing for exchange rates and each country’s consumer prices, changed over three years (the real effective exchange rate, based on consumer price index deflators)?

Definition by Comissão Europeia · Scoreboard · Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure

Excerpt
real effective exchange rates (3-year percentage change) based on HICP/CPI deflators, relative to 41 other industrial countries, with thresholds of -/+3% for euro area countries and -/+10% for non-euro area countries.

read at the source on 09.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Real effective exchange rate - percentage changes, 42 trading partners

Excerpt
aims at assessing a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Three-year change, as a percentage · 2025

Commission reference value −3/+3 %

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

−4Commission reference value −3/+3 %4

source · Eurostat

Unemployment rate

What share of people aged 15 to 74 who work or are looking for work (the labour force) is unemployed?

Definition by Eurostat · Statistics Explained · Glossary: Unemployment

Excerpt
The unemployment rate is the number of people unemployed as a percentage of the labour force.

read at the source on 08.09.2026

Definition by Eurostat · Unemployment rate - annual data

Excerpt
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force based on International Labour Office (ILO) definition. The labour force is the total number of people employed and unemployed. The MIP scoreboard indicator considers unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who: - are without work during the reference week; - are available to start work within the next two weeks; - and have been actively seeking work in the past four weeks or had already found a job to start within the next three months. Unit: rate. The indicative threshold of the indicator is 10%.

read at the source on 24.09.2026

Percentage of people working or looking for work · 2025

Commission reference value 10 % · below

The reference value is the one of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, set in the regulation that created the Procedure and revised by the European Commission.

0Commission reference value 10 %

source · Eurostat

European panel ·05.10.2026